uGsefr rsufvkH;aygufu rawmfovkdyJ
wpfNcm; b,folaum tJh'DvkdNzpfvJ
pdwfrvIyf&Sm;eJY pdwf rvIyf&Sm;vkdY rNzpfbl;
'g uGsefrwkdYtwGufawmif tawmfMuD;wJh a&TUuGufyJ
uGsefrwkdY tawmfMuD;MuD;us,fus,fawG vkyfcJhzl;w,faemf
qvdwf'fu igwkdYudka&G;p&mvrf; ray;awmhbl;av
tif; tckavmavmqnf tpDtpOft&awmh odyfraumif;bl;
zvpfpwD; tJh'D tMuHukd eifyJay;wmav
&Sif wu,fwrf; oabmwlvdrfhr,fvkdY rxifvkdYaygh
a&mufNyD
'Dvlu t&ifwkef;u ightwGuf tvkyfvkyfzkl;w,f
tck ol&efolawGtwGuf tvkyfvkyfaewm NzpfoGm;NyD
vkHNcKHa&;uifr&mawG usaew,f
tm;vkH; pu,fvDwef uD;udk rSwfrdMuao;vm;
0DvsHawmhcfref;&JU arwÅvufaqmif
'g b,faomhrqkd zGifhEkdifw,f 'DwpfckvJygw,f
'DrSm b,f&D eJYawGY&rSm
'gawGu toihfwyfNyD; okH;&kHyJ
igwkdY MudKaNymxm;wJhtwkdif; vkdufuyf
pDzkd;u usefwmawG tm;vkH;ukd &Sif;oGm;vdrfhr,f
ig bmukdrS razmufcGJypfwm MumaeNyD
&Sif;&Sif;eJY NrefNref
ig AkH;cGJorm;NzpfaeNyD ig AkH;cGJorm;Nzpfaewm r,kHEkdifp&myJ
aemufwpfcg tvkyfavQmufwJh tcgus&if txl;uGsrf;usifwJhae&mrSm xnfha&;&ifaumif;rvm;
rvIyfeJY
igwkdYoGm;rSNzpfr,f
omr,fykH&dyfawGt& tm;vkH; tNyifa&mufaeNyD
'g taqmufttkHwpfckygyJ tkdvDAm
iaMumufawGayhg
pwmvifNrdKUawmfukd ab;uif;NyD;
usef;rmwJh ae&mwpfckNzpfvmzkdY wpfckwnf;aom
&nf&G,fcsufeJY wnfaxmifxm;wJh
'Dvkd a&SUaNy; odyÜHESif; aq;bufenf;ynm Xmewpfckukd azmufcGJypfw,fqkdwm
wpfNcm; b,folNzpfEkdifrSmvJ
uGif;vkyfief;pk&JU pDtD;tdkwpfa,muftaeeJY
'Dvkd raNymNyEkdifavmufatmif atmufwef;uswJh
vkyf&yfudk vkyfcJhwJh tMurf;zuform;awGukd
wpfckaNymcsifwmu &SifwkdYawG tzrf;cH&r,f tNypfay;cH&ygvdrfhr,f
aNymxm;r,faemf olu plygADvdefqkdwm
rodcifuwnf;u uGsefr olYukdrkef;cJHwm
tkdau qvdwf'f&JU &nfrSef;csufu rD&muk&kukdokH;NyD;awmh
vlom; vufeufawGxkwfvkyfzkdY
'DvkdvkyfzkdYtwGuf puf&kHokH; pifx&DzsKcsfvkdw,f
tpfZb,f &kdcsufukd uGif;vkyfief;pkukd eifwkdY rdom;pkqDu
ckd;ckdif;vkdufawmh olYrSm vkyfykdifcGifhtNynfh&oGm;w,f
'gayr,fh odyÜHprf;oyfXme ysufpD;oGm;NyDqkdawmh
ol uGsefrwkdY enf;ynm okH;vkdYr&awmhbl;
t&ifwkef;u uGsefrwkdY enf;ynmaygh olYprf;oyfrIawGtwGuf
qvdwf'f igwkYdukd aNcaxmufatmufrSm eif;xm;wm tawmfMumaeNyD
igwkdYbufu NyefwkdufckdufzkdY tcsdefusNyD
'gawG tm;vkH;u olYukd aemufqkwfoGm;ap&kHavmufyJ
aemufxyf wkdufckdufrIu b,fuvmrvJ igwkdY odp&m enf;vrf;r&Sdbl;
'gukd vufavQmhvkdufygawmh
orD; tqifaNyygw,f wu,fyg
'DtaNctaerSm b,fae&mu tqifaNyaewmvJ
orD; ukd,fhukd,fukd Nyeftm&kHpkdufzkdYvkdw,f
tck em;axmif awGYqkHyGJawG oGm;ao;vm;
tif; tJh'DrSm orD;taz axmifusr,fhtaNctae
Nzpfaew,fqkdwm oGm;zGihffaNymwJhae&m
avmf&,f
'gawG tm;vkH;NyD;oGm;rSmyg
[ifhtif; rNzpfEkdifbl; taz
taz uif;orm;ukd tm;ay; axmufyhH ulnDaewJhtcsdefrSm tzrf;cH&wm
oleJY NyD;cJhwJh ESpfuwGJvkyfrdvkdY pkHaxmuf&mxl;NyKwfcJh&NyD;NyD
tck 'Dudpöu axmif 18 v usEkdifw,f
olwkdY olYemrnfukd vkdcsifw,f
tJ&kd;u b,folvJqkdwm taz odvm;
rodbl;
wu,faNymwmyg
tkdau teufa&mifeJY rdef;rua&m
tJ&kd;eJY twlwGJvkyfaewJh rdef;r
ol b,folvJ tazodvm;
[ifhtif;
taz wpfckckawmh odrSmyg
orD; taz rodwm wpfckukd aNymNyvkdYr&bl;av
tcsdefusNyD
orD;wkdY tcsif;csif; *&kpkdufMuygaemf
ol wu,fyJ tJ&kd;u b,folvJqkdwm rodbl; xifvm;
tazu vdrfwwfwmrS r[kwfyJ
wpfcgwpfav ukd,feJY teD;pyfqkH;vlawGu ukd,fhukd vdrfwJhae&mrSm taNymifaNrmufqkH;yJ
oD,m b,frSmvJ
olvJ 'Dudk vmcJhoifhw,f
uGsefawmfawmh olvmr,f rxifbl;
cifAsm;wkdY ESpfa,mufvkH;ukd uGsefawmf rvdrfcsifbl;
tJh'g tawmfqkd;w,f
tpfZb,frSm t&nftcsif;wpfck&Sdw,fqkd tJh'g odyfaphpyfwmyJ
olu tckvkd odrf;,lzkdY tpDtpOf csaecJhwm veJYcsDaeavmufNyD
'gayr,fh ukrÜPDu pawmhcf trsm;qkH;ukd uGsefawmfwkdY ykdifaewkef;yJ r[kwfvm;
tif; 'gayr,fh tpfZb,fvfu
okH;r&wJh taNcqkdufatmif avQmhcsypfvkdufNyD
pm&Gufpmwrf;t&qkd&if rif;wkdY aiGNywfaeNyD
owif;aumif;ua&m
rif;wkdY ykdifqkdifrItiftm;awGukd umuG,fEkdifao;w,f
tm;vkH;udk tpfZb,fvm rxdEkdifwJh
&efykHaiGpm&if;bufukd a&TUypfzkdYvkdw,f
tckavmavmqnfvkdtyfwmu vTJaNymif;rIukd
twnfNyKzkdY vuf&Sd pm&if;&JU ydkifqkdifolawGqDu vufrSwfvkdw,f
rif;eJY oD,mwkdYqDu
oD,mhbufuvJ vufrSwfxkd;pGefYvTwfzkdYvkdw,f
tif; NrefNrefaemf
aus;Zl; euf'f
tck igNrdKUawmf0ifNzpfvmNyDqkdawmh
0ifaiGvkdvmr,fh tvm;tvm&Sdw,f
ukrÜPD qkH;&IH;&w,fqkdwm tarh trSm; r[kwfygbl;
uGsefawmfh trSm;yg
uGsefawmf tpfZb,fukd avQmhwGufcJhrdw,f
[ifhtif; rif;uawmh vlawGukd taumif;bufuyJ qufawG;aeOD;rSmyg
olwkdYeJY rxkdufwefcJh&ifawmifrS
tJ'gukd tar todqkH;yg
tpfZb,fu odyfaMumufzkdYaumif;wJhrdef;ryJ
rif;,kHMunfonfNzpfap r,KHbl; Nzpfap 'gukdawmh olNzpfatmif vkyfrSmyJ
tar b,fvkdodvJ
NyD;cJhwJhvawGu olYukd r,kH&bl;vkdY tar uGsefawmfhukdaNymcJhw,f
rif;tazu vSyNyD; xufNrufwJhrdef;rawGtay:
tm;en;fcsuf&Sdw,f
olwkdY wGJcJhzl;w,fvm;
tif;
tJh'Dwkef;u ol pD;yGm;a&;ausmif; wufaewkef;yJ&Sdao;w,f
pDtD;tkd rsufpdusoGm;wJh tvkyfoif rdef;rvSav;aygh
[kwfNyD
'gukd oD,mhqDukd ,loGm; olYukdem;cs
wpf enf;enf;eJY igwkdYukd NyefvnfwkdufckdufzkdY ulnDygap
ighukd xlay;ygvm;
tif;
ighae&m txdygyJ
tkdau
b,folrsm;Ekd;aewmvJvkdY
aysmf&r,fh tcsdeftwGuf uGufwdyJ
&Sif wkdY olYukd bmvkyfrSmvJ
atmfoHxGufvmatmifav
igwkdYudk vkyfcJhovkdaygh
aemf
vlawGu aumif;aumif;rGefrGef&Sifoefw,fqkdwm taumif;qkH; uvJhpm;wJh [kwfvm;
iguawmh ESdyfpufwmukd oabmusw,f
rif; yxrtvSnfh,lrvm;
[ihftif; - aus;Zl;NyKNyD;
igrif;ukd ulnDEkdifw,f
[ifhtif; a'gufwm ig rif;ukd ulnDrSmyg
rif; okaooevkyfzdkYvkdtyfw,fqkdwm bmudkaNymwmygvdrfh
rsufvkH;vm;
[ifhtif;
vwfvwfqwfqwf wpfckay;r,faemf
rif; qvdwf'f 0Dvfqifukd wm;vkdY&ao;w,f
emwkdvD aeOD;
cifAsm; bmaNymvkdufw,f
olYukd wm;zkdY igulnDEkdifr,f
b,fvkdvkyfrSmvJ rif;&JU xl;Ncm;wJhaq;aMumifh
ol raumif;qkd;0g; wpfaumif NzpfoGm;NyDav
ig odw,f ig olYukdNyefaNymif;ay;vkdY&w,f
tkdifAkd bmawGaNymaewmvJ
rD&muk&k
tJh'DtwGuf aNzaq;&Sdw,f
oD,m&Sdvm;
[ifhtif; rawGYbl;
eifhtazua&m
oluawmh tJ&kd;twGuf axmiftuscHzkdY qE´&Sdaew,f
&Sif pdwfrylbl;vkdYawmh aNymygw,f
'gayr,fh uGsefreJY 'pf*feJY &GdKif;tcef;ukd oGm;cJhao;w,f
tJh'DrSm a[mif;avmif;MuD;
Munfh&wm NyD;cJhwJh &ufykdif;u ol o,fxkwfoGm;ykHyJ
ol b,foGm;rSmvJ
&GdKif; udpöaemufrSxm;yg
igwkdY qvdwf'fukd t&if&Sif;&r,f
olY aemufxyfa&TUuGufu bmvJqkdwm odatmifvkyf&r,f
ig qvdwf'f taMumif;odw,f
olYudk rwm;Ekdifrcsif;
[,fvkd qm&m
'pf*,f aemufqkwf
rif;udk wkdufckdufwwfatmif oifay;wm b,folvJ rarheJYaumifav;
wpfqdwfavmuf uGsefr nDrukd&Smaewm qm&m vefYpfyg
wpfqdwfavmuf
uGsefru avmf&,f vefpfhyg uGsefr nDr tqifaNy&JUvm;
ol tqifaNyoGm;rSmyg vufaumuf0wfu qHNcnfrQifaoG;aMumav; xdoGm;wm
NyefNyifNyD;NyD
olYrSm yGef;yJh&mawGawmh rsm;w,f xifoavmuf rpkd;&drf&ygbl;
aus;Zl;yg - tJh'gawGu 'Pf&ma[mif;awGeJY
,SOf&if bmrS raNymyavmufygbl;
'Pf&ma[mif;
rif;nDr wpfukd,fvkH;rSm Nyif;xefwJh
MuGufom; wpfoQL; xdckduf&mawG trsm;MuD;&Sdw,f
'Davmuf 'Pf&mrsm;wJhol igNrifzl;wJhtxJu
wpfNcm;wpfa,mufu tD&wfppfNyefyJ
rif;nDru ppfrIxrf;cJhao;vm;
[ifhtif;
rxrf;zl;ygbl;
qm&m
eif bmNzpfoGm;wmvJ
bmrSrNzpfygbl;
qkdifu,f rawmfwq NzpfrI ao;ao;av;yg
bmrSr[kwfbl;
ig qif;cGifhvJ&NyD
'gayr,fh eifhausmukef;u
trm&GwfawG tJh'g b,frSm&vmwmvJ
eif tqifaNyvm;
aNyoGm;rSmyg eifaum
tif; [kdif;
aNymprf;yg bmNzpfoGm;wmvJ
qkdifu,f rawmfwqrIyg bmrSr[kwfygbl;
igwkdY b,fauGYrvkdYvkyfaewJhtcsdefrSm um;wpfpD;u rD;eDNzwfarmif;vmwm
eifwkdY wkdifcsufzGifhNyD;NyDvm;
zGifhawmha&m bmxl;rSmvJ igwkdYESpfa,mufvkH; bmrSrS rNzpfyJ
tJh'gu t"du r[kwfvm;
tif;
igoGm;awmhr,f
aemufwpfem&Dqkd tvkyfudpö&Sdw,f
tkdau
ighukd vmMunfhay;wm aus;Zl;yg
tNrJwrf;yg
tkdvDAm uGif;u tJ&kd;qdkwm igodw,f
raeYu eifrvmygvm;
igwkdY euf'fzdkpwm eJYawGYaewm
oD,m eif tareJY ighukd a'goxGufaewm igodygw,f
'gayr,fh igwkdY tm;vkH;ukd rqkH;&IH;&r,fh
b@ma&; tusyftwnf;u vGwfEkdifr,fh enf;vrf;wpfck &SmawGYxm;w,f
tar eJY ig ESpfa,mufvkH; vufrSwfxkd;NyD;NyD
igwkdY eifhvufrSwfvkdw,f
tpfZb,f igwkdYukd rzsufqD;Ekdifatmif wm;vkdY&r,f arQmfvifhw,f
olYukd eif zsufqD;cGifhay;NyD;rS r[kwfvm;
tif;
'DrSm oD,m uGif;vkdYa&;xm;w,f
olu b,folvJ
tJh'g eifav pyd'D
[ifhtif; r[kwfbl;
a&mbwfuGif;u ightaz r[kwfbl;
r,fvfuGrf;rmvifu ightaz
oD,m rmvif
ac:vkdYawmh aumif;om;
rmvifu eifh tazt&if; 'gayr,fh tazu eifhukdysdK;axmifcJhwm
ig olYuav;qkdwm rodvkdYyg
ol eifhudk cspfygw,f
igvJ twlwlyJ NyD;awmh igu eifhtpfukdNzpfaewkef;yJav
[ifhtif; r[kwfbl; eifu ratwl zatuGJ
aemufxyf igh ratwl zatuGJ wpfa,mufu b,folvJ odvm;
awmfrD
ig erf;zkdY MudK;pm;cJhrdwJh olwpfa,muf
igh ratwl zatuGJ tpfukdukd
ig erf;zkdY MudK;pm;rdw,f igh tazt&if;u olYukd rowfcif
ighb0u tJh'Davmuf pkwfNywfowfaew,f
NyD;awmh eifodwJhtwkdif; 0rf;enf;p&maumif;wmu
ig wu,fwrf; ae&maumif;wpfckrSm pa&mufaewJhtcsdef
ighrSm uvyf&Sdw,f &GdKif;&Sdw,f
ighrSm ighudkrvdrfwJh tpfukdwpfa,muf&Sdw,f
igh &l;oGyfwJhb0rSm yxrqkH;tNzpf
tm;vkH;u vkH;0 tNyD;tNywf pkwfNywfaewJh taNctae r[kwfovkd xifcJh&wJhtcsdef
ig tqifaNyoGm;vdrfhr,f xifcJhwm
ig odyfrkdufrJw,f
eif rrkdufrJygbl;
[ifhtif; tckavmavmqnf igNzpfaewmu
vlowform; ESpfa,muf&JU orD;
wpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfbl; ESpfa,muf
'Dawmh &ifqkdifvkduf&atmifyg tkdvD
ig b,fawmhrS tqifaNyvmrSm r[kwfbl;
ighADZxJrSmukd ygrvmbl;
oD,m
tkdvDAm
igwkdY vkHNcKHa&; udpö aqG;aEG;zkdY vkdtyfaeNyD
bmxl;vJ
qvdwf'f ,loGm;wm - ,loGm;wm
ol tJh'Dukd vmwm igwkdYukd owfzkdY r[kwfbl;
ol tJh'Dudk vmw,fqkdwm igwkdYrSm ypönf;wpfck&SdvkdY
pu,fvDwefaomh
igykdufpdyfwkduf&SmNyD;NyD tJh'D wpfckyJ aysmufaewm
igwkdYu odyÜHXmeukd zsufqD;ypfvkdufawmh
ol aq;&nfukd tMuD;tus,fxkwfzkdY enf;vrf;opfvkdaeNyD
pu,fvDwef aomh eJY qkd
ol b,fae&mudkrqkd 0ifEkdifr,f bmukdrqkd &,lEkdifvdrfhr,f
ol bmvkdcsifvJqkdwm igwkdYodNyD 'Dawmh igwkdY t&if&SmawGYzkdY vkdtyfw,f
pwmvifNrdKUawmfrSm acwfa&SUtaNy;qkH; enf;ynm Xmeu b,frSmvJ
pwm; vufbfawGrSm tvkyfvkyfcJhzl;wJh
odyÜHynm&SifawG tm;vkH; wGJvkyfaewJh ae&m
tm;vkH;u 'DrSmyJ
ig 'DukdvmNyD; 'DtaqmufttkHukd zsufqD;zkdY trdefYay;w,f
b,folrS tJh'Dvkd raNymMuawmhygbl;
igaNymw,fav
igvef;wm igodw,f
a'gufwm 0Jvfu 'Dae&mMuD;ukd ydwfypfawmhrSm r,kHEkdifp&myJ
pwm; vwfbfuae igwkdY N'yfrIeft&SdefNrifhpufukd zGifhvkdufawmh
pifx&,fNrdKUawmfrSm taygufMuD; NzpfoGm;w,f
pwmvifNrdKUawmfu 'Dpuf&kHpm csKyfukd y,fzsufcsifw,fqkdwm odyfawmh tHhMop&mr&Sdygbl;
igwkdYu ] rif;wkdY ywf0ef;usifrSm roufqkdifwJh
a&SUaNy;ykHpHawG xm;cGifhay;yg] vkdYaNymzkdY vl vufoifhcHp&m odyf&SdMuwmrS r[kwfwm
tJh'g rawmfwq Nzpfwmyg uwfwvif;
tif; aooGm;wJh olawG&JU rdom;pk0ifawGukd oGm;aNymMunfhav
eifhudk,feif b,fvkd,kHatmif aNymrvJ t&if MudK;'pm;MunfhvkdufOD;
'DrSm ppfpukd igwkdY tvkyfukd NrefNrefNyD;atmifvkyf tdrfNyefvkdY&atmif
igwkdY csnf;yJ 'DrSm&Sdwm..
vkHNcKHa&;awGxJu wpfa,mufNzpfrSmaygh
a[hvl
uGsefawmfwkdY rMumcif NyD;awmhrSmyg
'DvlYukd Munfh&wm wpfrsdK;MuD; rxifbl;vm;
ig rif;wkdYaemufukd MumMumvkduf&av
rif;wkdYukd Nznf;Nznf;owfavyJ
ulnDyg
'D ud&d,mu tmomvkduf vuf&m
0,fvfu olYudk NyD;cJhwJh ESpfESpfu NzKwfypfcJhwm - bmvkdYvJ
olu cyfaMumifaMumif
'gudk eif okH;wwfw,f aNymprf;yg
ighpum;udk igNyef&kwfodrf;w,f
ig NrefNrefvkyfay;r,f
[ifhtif;
igwkdY t&rf;aemufusoGm;NyD
zvpfpwD; - udwfwvif;
eifwkdY tqifaNy&JUvm; tJh'Dvl eifwkdYukd 'ku©ay;oGm;vm; tJh'Dvl
tJh'Dvl vkdY eif ESpfcgaNymw,f
igwkdYukd wkdufckdufwm b,folvJqkdwm eif b,fvkdodwmvJ
rsufESmzkH;eJY "m;eJY t&l;MuD;av
[ifhtif; igrodbl;
ig tJ'DvlvkdY ESpfcg aNymrdwmu a&'D,kdrSm eifwkdYukdwkdufckdufwJholu
a,mufsm; tqpftaygufrsdK;vkdY aNymvkdY
tJh'Dawmh olu a,mufsm;aygh
igu *Gsef 'pf*,fyg uGif;vkyfief;pkrSm vkHNcKHa&; tNzpf tvkyfvkyfwmyg
rsufESmzkH;eJY vl bm,loGm;r,fvkdY xifvJ
puf&kHokH; pifx&DzsKcsf rsm; Nzpfaervm;
[ifhtif; tJh'gu vQdKU0Sufcsufyg
b,fvkd vQdKU0SufcsufrsdK;vJ - uGsefr xdef;odrf;&r,fh vQdKU0SufcsufrsdK;
qpfpudka&m xdef;odrf;&rSmvm;
tif; [kwfw,f
eifwkdY tqifaNywmukdyJ ig0rf;omygw,f
b,f&Daum taNctae b,fvkdvJ
olu twlwlygyJ
b,f&DU taNctaeu ykdqkd;vmw,f
olYukd pwmh;vwfbfukd a&TUvkdufMuw,f olwkdY apmifha&Smufay;aewm
tJh'DrSm uGsefr qpfpukdeJY uwfwvif;udkawGYwmav
ig NyefvmvnfygOD;r,f twwfEkdifqkH; NrefNref
tqifaNyrSmyg
rpkd;&drfygeJY b,f&DqDukd {nfhonfawG trsm;MuD;vmygw,f
tkdif;&pfvJ t&rf;vmw,f
tkdif;&pfu..
olu..
olY&JU
wpfckckaygh
tif;
aumif;om;yJ
odyfaumif;w,f
b,f&Du ukdrm 0ifae&ufeJY uGsefrukd arhoGm;NyD
uGsefr [,f&Dqif 0Jvf&JU ukd,fa&;zkdifawGukd ckd;Munfhxm;w,f
olu pwm;vwfbf&JU 'g&kdufwm
'Dawmh uGsefrukd b,folrS wm;r&awmhbl;
uGsefr bmawGYvJ Munfh
'g olwkdY&JU ZD0 enf;ynm ya&m*sufawGxJu a&SUaNy; erlem ykHpHwpfck
tckxdawmh qkdif;iHHxm;wkef;yJ
tJh'gaMumifh olwkdYu bmvJqkdwm uGsefrwkdYudk raNymNycsifwm
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